Please see our rules on parentheses and brackets for more information. Abbreviations of geographical terms, periodicals, publishing terms etc. To show possession with a singular noun, add an apostrophe plus the letter s. Realize that the bluebook tries to cover every contingency. For a number of words, but following no consistent pattern, both manuals occasionally employ contractions e. Therefore, we have created the given short bluebook style guide to help new law students familiarize themselves with the confusing and massive array of seldom rules, abbreviations, and citation forms. Prior to 2000 the bluebook spared the first word, but the seventeenth edition ended that dispensation. Citation format examples for footnotes general rules times new roman, size 10, 1 line spacing, justified. Rules for writing numbers the blue book of grammar and. A reference guide for attorneys, legal secretaries, paralegals, and law students. In the general principles section, the style sheet adopts the nineteenth edition of the bluebook as the basic citation resource. Words in case names basic legal citation cornell university. The bluepages and whitepages sketch out rules to follow, and leave it to the tables to fill in the details. The abbreviation of case names is governed by rule 10.
Both acronyms and initialisms are abbreviations that are formed by combining the first letter of each word in a longer name or phrase. These tables give the various abbreviations for the u. There are conflicting policies and theories about how to show possession when writing such nouns. Rules by cynthia lord vocabulary flashcards quizlet. General format for parenthetical information rule 1. Include material that would otherwise be included in parenthetical explanations as part of the sentence itself, and do not italicize the signals. For each word in the journalpublication title, look at both sections of table to see if there is an abbreviation listed for that word. If you prefer to search by state supreme court or court of appeals exclusively, click on the links in the left hand navigation bar for. Citing secondary sources sample bluebook citations. If writing a scholarly article, you will need to provide correct attribution to your sources. Looking for online definition of bluebook or what bluebook stands for. In footnotes, signals may be used as the verbs of textual sentences.
The blue book of grammar and punctuation leans towards usage rules in cms along with other authoritative. Every case name must be checked against the abbreviations chart in the bluebook table t. Because id is an abbreviation, always follow it with a period, and either underline or italicize the term. Unlike the remainder of the bluebook, which is designed in a style and at a level of complexity commensurate with the needs of the law journal publication process, the bluepages provide easytocomprehend guidance for the everyday citation needs of firstyear law. An easytouse guide with clear rules, realworld examples, and reproducible quizzes, 11th edition book. Policies and philosophies vary from medium to medium. Youll probably be using no more than 20% of the rules contained in the book. Students writing seminar papers will find this guide invaluable. The light version only abbreviates eight words, while the heavy abbreviation system abbreviates more. If there is no author, you should begin the citation with the title. Add an s to abbreviations to make them plural unless otherwise instructed in table 6. It is a composite of those contained in the bluebook and the alwd guide to. Rule 2 selection from the blue book of grammar and punctuation.
Match any names with the proper abbreviations in t. Cases bluebook legal citation tarlton law library at. An official list of persons in the employ of the us government. When writing out a number of three or more digits, the word and is not necessary. This list does not include bluebook abbreviations for periodicals that have changed titles, ceased or are no longer indexed in.
The heavy abbreviation system all words in case names, other than the first word of either partys name, is abbreviated if it is listed in table 6 on pages 30203 of the bluebook rule 10. Note that the order of authorities within each signal must conform to rule 1. General rules blue pages first section of rules for practitioners, organized as. A list of 1 reporters and reporter abbreviations, 2 courts and court abbreviations, and 3 preferred sources to cite for federal courts and each states courts. Except for a few basic rules, spelling out numbers vs. If the abbreviation is obscure or unfamiliar, make sure to explain what it means the first time you use it. Abbreviations bluebooking tips and resources libguides at. All words in case names, other than the first word of either partys name, is abbreviated if it is listed in table 6 on pages 30203 of the. Useful tables bluebook guide libguides at university. Bluebook definition, a register or directory of socially prominent persons. Mar 17, 2008 the english rules section on hyphens in the blue book and our website discusses compound words.
Rules used in the book and strong words for a fifth grader learn with flashcards, games, and more for free. According to rule 1, to check whether a compound noun is two words, one word, or hyphenated, you may need to look it up in the dictionary. Set out below is a table of words and their abbreviations with links to examples. Institution names are provided in the first section t. Find all the synonyms and alternative words for bluebook at, the largest free online thesaurus, antonyms, definitions and translations resource on the web.
Blue pages this guide covers the bluebooks white pages, which provide citation rules for academic papers. Abbreviate the listed words wherever they appear in a partys name that is part of a citation. The blue book of grammar and punctuation an easytouse guide with clear rules, realworld examples. This guide presents bluebook exercises and instructions that are used in. For example, the associated press ap stylebook is a guide specific for news media and journalists while the chicago manual of style cms is used by many book publishers and writers. Some of the most obscure bluebook rules or how to really. You have probably been told repeatedly that it is important to include parenthetical. For example, if you are citing a secondary authority with a title, consult rule 8 capitalization, to know whether you need to capitalize certain words or not. However, the basic format of a case citation is as follows. Use a period at the end of a complete sentence that is a statement. Below is a list of state supreme court and court of appeals abbreviations. Forming abbreviations the bluebook uses two methods of abbreviating words. Signals of the same basic type supportive, comparative, contradictory, or background rule 1. If the title of a book ends with a year, place a comma between the book title and the pinpoint.
This guide provides basic information on bluebook citation in the scholarly format. Bluepages tables are the goto for initial citation formation, and includes abbreviations for words commonly found in court documents and jurisdictionspecific citation rules. In a diverse and rapidly changing legal profession, the bluebook continues to provide a systematic method by which members of the profession communicate important information to one another about the sources and legal authorities upon. Abbreviation of journal name see tables 10 and in the bluebook date as it appears on the cover if no date of issue is available, provide the issue number and indicate the volume number before the title the word at the beginning page number if pinpoint citing, include the beginning page number and the pinpoint cite example. Stanleys original quotation, they should be in parentheses. If you prefer to search by state supreme court or court of appeals exclusively, click on the links in the left hand navigation bar for supreme court or court of appeals abbreviations. State court abbreviations bluebook quick reference. Guessing on the abbreviations in case names instead of checking table 6. However, use the word and to express any decimal points that may accompany these numbers. Study 256 bluebook rules 1 11 flashcards on studyblue. Abbreviations of words set forth in bluebook table 1. Abbreviation of constitution cited abbreviation of amendmentarticlepreamble. United states and geographical units listed in table 10 unless the geographical unit is the entire name of the party. Note that in footnotes, words other than the first word in each partys name are subject to the abbreviation rule.
Generations of law students, lawyers, scholars, judges, and other legal professionals have relied on the bluebooks unique system of citation in their writing. Any other word of eight letters or more not on the following list may also be abbreviated if the abbreviation chosen saves substantial space and reasonably connotes the original word. In addition, abbreviate any state or smaller geographic unit included in a. Many common nouns end in the letter s lens, cactus, bus, etc. Presented by the academic achievement program october 25, 2011. Americas two most influential style and usage guides have different approaches. It is a composite of those contained in the bluebook and the alwd guide to legal citation. District court for the northern district of illinois. In case of citing a book that has been edited, write ed. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in. Chapter 4 pharmaceutical and medical terminology and. The english rules section on hyphens in the blue book and our website discusses compound words.
Abbreviated reporter names can be found in table t1 of the blue book. Blue book definition of blue book by the free dictionary. A compound word is formed when two or more words are combined to form a new word such as flowerpot. Basic layout bluebook 101 library guides at university. Jan 16, 2007 as long as you or another person have added the words in brackets to mr. Youll find the tables at the very back of the bluebook, just before the index. Furthermore, many state courts have their own citation rules that take precedence over the bluebook for documents filed with those courts.
Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law. In citation sentences, abbreviate the same eight words and any other words you find listed in table 6. The indigo book was compiled by a team of students at the new york university school of law, working under the direction of professor christopher jon sprigman. Feb 05, 2020 the bluepages tables are the goto for initial citation formation, and includes abbreviations for words commonly found in court documents and jurisdictionspecific citation rules. Table helps you construct the appropriate abbreviations for journalpublication titles. Note that the use of abbreviations in a case name depends on whether the citation is in a citation sentence or a textual reference. The bluebook also has citation rules for legal memoranda and other practiceoriented materials the blue pages, which students in lrwa2 use for their memo assignments. Abbreviate andor omit party names for easy but unambiguous identification. In addition to rule 10, you may need to consult the following tables in order to format the case citation.
Table 6 notes that a word of eight letters or more may be abbreviated at the authors discretion if substantial space is saved. Bluebook citation for llm students bluebook citation for. An apostrophe is used before the last letter but no period. A word ending that modifies the meaning of the root word trade name a drug name, followed by the symbol r, which indicates that the name is registered to a specific manufacturer or owner and that no one else can use it. Citing cases bluebook guide guides at georgetown law library. Case name abbreviations table 6 a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z. The first word of the case name is always spelled out in both systems, and the entire case name is spelled out in a textual sentence. The bluebook requires subsequent history be included in the citation if the case was addressed by a higher court or if the case is cited in full. The first nine rules in the bluebook apply to all of the other rules and they are all about style. In the beginning, youll probably be tabbing rules 6, 10 and 12 and table 1 and the beginning of the abbreviations section, tables 6 through 12. Bt2 jurisdictionspecific citation rules and style guides.
When a case is referenced in a separate citation clause or sentence, follow all rules below, use ordinary roman type, and abbreviate any word contained in t. The contraction technique takes the first three letters of a word plus the last letter. Abbreviations are shortened forms of words or lengthy phrases and are very useful in written communication. Any word on the list, however, must always be abbreviated even if the word is the first in a partys name.
Jul 19, 2019 the precise format of a case citation depends on a number of factors, including the jurisdiction, court, and type of case. Such diversity of rules and citation forms has made the bluebook quite difficult to apply. Synonyms for blue book include test paper, examination paper, written, written exam, whos who, directory, social register, index, list and listing. The proper bluebook citation for nonconsecutively paginated journals and magazines is.
Stanleys original quote, the brackets are correctly used. Bluebook is listed in the worlds largest and most authoritative dictionary database of abbreviations and acronyms the free dictionary. Some of the local rules are simple modifications to the bluebook system, such as marylands requirement that citations to maryland cases include a reference to the official maryland reporter. In other words, abbreviate only in citation sentences. Abbreviations bluebooking tips and resources libguides. The bluepages tables are the goto for initial citation formation, and includes abbreviations for words commonly found in court documents and jurisdictionspecific citation rules.
Essential bluebook rules law school writing center law school. As you will see in the following list of commonly used abbreviations they exist in all areas of life. Basic layout bluebook 101 library guides at university of. There are three ways to make an abbreviated version.
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